During the period of one program implementation period (14 months) it was agreed between the program implementing organization (PKEPKL) and the residents and the steering institution (host), namely Japesda, regarding the form of activity interventions that can be applied in the assisted location, namely land management with an agroforestry approach that utilizes cocoa and coconut as the main crop as well as other types of plants that will become other cultivated crops (chilies, corn, nutmeg, durian and nuts), to enrich the types of cultivated commodities in the location. PKEPKL together with the host institution (Japesda) have coordinated with the local government (in this case the Regent of Gorontalo District) in relation to the implementation of intervention activities in assisted locations, where the Regent has directly provided support for the forms of programs implemented. The form of support is to appoint related regional apparatus organizations (OPD) to facilitate matters related to the needs in the field, for example the provision of coconut and cocoa seeds.
There is a demonstration plot for agroforestry activities as well as 2 land owned by farmers which are used as pilots for cultivating cocoa plants. PKEPKL and the host institution (Japesda) continuously coordinate with the host institution, namely Japesda in implementing interventions in the assisted location. In the third, fourth, fifth and sixth months, mentoring activities for the agroforestry program continued and piloted cacao plant maintenance had started to be carried out by assisted farmers. The farmers assisted in their efforts to maintain and care for cocoa in their respective farms have been seen. Cacao plant care and maintenance activities continue to be accompanied by field facilitators. Sharing and review of land and the condition of cocoa plants from one farmer to another (replicating) were carried out regarding their success in production. There is information sharing between PKEPKL partner field facilitators and partner field assistants who are arbitrary regarding the forms of intervention activities that have been carried out in both locations.
The utilization of existing local potentials as raw materials for fertilizers and natural pesticides is a form of utilization of landscape ecosystem services in the assisted location and in the center of the village, as well as the enrichment of commodities planted in the assisted location is a form of multi-functional land use system. Besides that there is a discussion as well as sharing of concepts and experiences in motivating the assisted farmers to start reducing the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides taking place gradually and periodically.
In addition to the use of Siamese weeds as organic fertilizer products, practical intervention in agro-ecological systems is realized by implementing a sustainable agroforestry system. The use and utilization of annual crops on land owned by assisted communities is a solution in systematically enriching food diversity to maintain the stability and resilience of landscapes and forest areas which are integrated in the stability of water catchment areas and biodiversity. The continuity of the target production system is strengthened by breakthroughs in new knowledge such as maintenance and selection of plant commodities, especially cocoa and the use of coconut fruit to be processed VCO coconut oil. VCO coconut oil production is a knowledge intervention and a new technological breakthrough for the assisted communities. The output is the formation of women's groups that develop small-scale household businesses but can increase household economic income. These activities simultaneously reduce the activities of residents in using fuel such as firewood taken from the forest, reducing health problems (women who are exposed to smoke from burning in the kitchen) when cooking. VCO and village coconut oil have now become the main products made by women's groups that have been formed and have been marketed even though they are still on a limited scale, for example at various events such as seminars, Gorontalo Departmental Forum (GDF) deliberations, online-based promotions and sales. Gradually these products are starting to be in demand and will be developed to gain market access both locally and nationally. The assisted group business will be developed into a multi-product business which is the result of the utilization of local commodities. The existence of a collaborative structure between PKEPKL, Bumdesmitra Usaha and partners in the promotion of group businesses is a continuation of activities to build and increase the targets to be achieved. The use of cocoa pods into processed cocoa powder products and cocoa skin chips and banana fruit processing into banana chips will be a product that can be developed as a small business based on the creativity of women's groups.
Other activities that appear to be running are an impact of the program carried out by partner organizations, namely PKEPKL and LPPM UNG to collaborate in the field of community service held in assisted areas (Tumba) and the Village Center as a continuation of the programs that have been implemented. In addition, there is cooperation through coordination between PKEPKL and other partners who are in the process of building the capacity of the assisted communities to achieve landscape resilience and local food security on the stretch of the assisted area. PKEKL always builds coordination with BUMDES business partners of North Tamaila and other agencies such as the UNG university, Gorontalo district government and the GEF-SGP whose goal is to sustain programs that have been initiated and run by PKEPKL. Flying continuously and intensely between other decision-making partners such as bumdes business partners, partner terraces, japesda and GEF-SGP INDONESIA in strengthening basic organizations in developing the capacity of assisted residents through community organizing to become a community that plays a role in the management and use of friendly-based local potential environment so that people gain independence as farmers and become champions in their environment.
Another form of achievement that can be seen is the development and revitalization of local community knowledge related to peloba (astrology). Collaboration between PKEPKL, AGRARIA INSTITUT, JAPESDA, which presented a national facilitator (mas Dicky Lopulalan) to facilitate this conference, it aims to document, record data, explore the value of local wisdom in the community related to astrology which is always used by farming communities in agricultural activities. The deliberation also aims to record the value of High Conservation Value (HCV) as outlined in the guidance document for the management and utilization of biodiversity in the assisted location.
2. Learning
Internally in the organization in implementing the program, coordination and division of labor can be carried out by considering the specifications of the implementer (facilitator) of each type of program activity. There is a division of labor that can be categorized quite well between the implemented program fields. Each sector and field facilitators have made their respective work schedules through the coordination of the person in charge of the program and the program executive coordinator and of course in coordination with the Host institution (Japesda). The condition of the landscape in the Tumba region, which has a fairly high diversity, has provided inspiration to vary the forms of activities carried out. The existence of activities / activities that are carried out will basically lead to the sustainability of the potential landscapes available in the Tumba location.
In addition, there are ideas that have emerged from the team to conduct research regarding the potential of the existing landscapes in the assisted location, for example research on the potential for soil fertility. The enthusiasm of assisted residents in developing progress that has been intervened is an encouragement and enthusiasm to carry out activities. Currently, a group of women has been formed who have the courage to make decisions to develop environmentally friendly small businesses.
Women's activities in the assisted areas (Tumba) are very high, both in agricultural activities and in household activities. Decision-making by women to engage in agricultural activities is an act that fully fulfills family needs. Women are also directly involved in every agreement making in determining the forms of activities to be carried out. Technological breakthroughs such as coconut oil, VCO, organic fertilizers and other products are ideas and solutions offered to the community in preserving the landscape ecosystem as well as being a wise decision in utilizing the potential of landscape ecosystem services. Some of these activities have been carried out by assisted residents as a demonstration and a realization of the knowledge that has been obtained from PKEPKL partners.
A form of economic planning that is environmentally sound has been initiated and is temporarily implemented over the duration of the time given to the implementing organization (PKEPKL). Currently, a women's group has been formed who have made decisions in the use of local food as a group effort which is planned to be one of the right decisions in developing a household economy, environmentally friendly and sustainable. There is strong collaboration between PKEPKL, Tumba farmers who are assisted, the village government and local governments as well as host institutions (japesda) who respond that this activity deserves to be supported. 3. Development of other issues that affect the course of activities, both positive and negative
A positive development of the issue is that there are women's groups that can be formed to run small businesses which are basically the use of local commodities and have an environmental perspective. This fact causes the need for a strengthening of the capacity of Tumba residents in managing the potential of biodiversity and cultivated land, so that when the community's capacity is strong, they will be able to independently face and anticipate other forms of activity from outside that have the intention of exploiting the existing potential and can marginalize residents. who have settled in Tumba. The concrete step is to build a competence through intervention in the management, maintenance, care and utilization of the potential of existing resources and accompanied by a strategy to provide education on systemic issues related to market scope and profit and loss from agricultural activities with the intention that this step will provide a change in mindset. the mindset of assisted farmers. In addition, it will also have a major influence on the development of agricultural cultivation activities carried out in the form of agrovorestry. Another positive issue is that currently one of the farmers has implemented several program / activity items and it has been applied to private land and demonstration plots. The interesting thing about one of these farmers is that they start to infect and invite other farmers to participate in carrying out the program / activity items so that the intervention has replicated into several farmer communities who participate and appear as wise farmers.
Negatively, the distance between distant residents' houses is a major factor that negatively affects the course of activities. In addition, good road access has not yet been opened, so transportation from outside to the Tumba region is still quite difficult and this has had a continuing impact, especially in the efforts of residents to market their commodities. Most of the farmers still depend more on hybrid maize farming activities assisted by the government so that most of the land cultivation is carried out without considering the slope of the land. The existence of a high maize production target makes farmers more concerned / focused on hybrid maize farming activities. This situation is the main factor that affects the yield of other commodities to decline due to the fact that the focus and attention in cultivation activities is only on one or two commodities, not to mention the paradigm of most farmers who are focused and more hopeful of instant income or yields and farmers become dependency. The form of intervention that is carried out has not fully influenced most farmers, it will change its paradigm, most farmers have learned from the issues and interventions given, but dependence on instant results is still the nature / behavior of the handle. The existence of one vote / one choice behavior is also a negative issue because the carrying capacity of some farmers for the activities carried out is very dependent on the support of one of their role models. So the complication is that there are a number of farmers who have positively carried out activities and still most of them only understand but have not moved to run them.
4. Capacity development required
The need for new knowledge for the use of organic raw materials available at the location is a potential in making / producing natural fertilizers and pesticides, so that gradually the residents will gradually reduce their dependence on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. This began to appear after the practical activities of making fertilizers and their application in the demonstration plot. Education related to the potential of raw materials for organic fertilizers and education related to cocoa cultivation are also a form of capacity building which of course requires fast and efficient cocoa beans drying equipment and infrastructure.
The need for knowledge that is new and constructive in strengthening the capacity of residents is integrated in the utilization and management of potential landscapes, further management of local commodities which is based on the wise and appropriate use of agroforestry systems by farmers, in this case, the procedures and treatment of farmers in managing land, planting, care, maintenance and post harvest management knowledge.