This is the second issue of the Community Development and Knowledge Management for the Satoyama Initiative Programme (COMDEKS) Phase 4 newsletter, published in December 2025. COMDEKS was launched in 2011 as a flagship programme of the Satoyama Initiative, a global effort to promote the sustainable use of natural resources in landscapes and seascapes with local communities whose livelihoods and cultural heritage depend on them. Launched in 2022, COMDEKS Phase 4 is funded by the Ministry of Environment Japan (MOEJ) and the Keidanren Nature Conservation Fund (KNCF), and implemented by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Small Grants Programme (SGP) at the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).