The project was completed. Baiturrachman has supplied 42 cows to distribute in the 5 sub-regency in Manggarai, Flores. 3 cows died during the first month, but this loss may not be visible until the first offspring start to appear (which may affect the ?revolving fund? schedule). Other particular impacts are: local farmers? awareness of legal papers (e.g. land certificate, contract to maintain and give up their cattle?s offspring, etc.) are heightened. The model farming on waqaf land could be replicated on non-waqaf land (such as on public/village property) in other areas. Improvement on sense of solidarity, as the project aims at farmers who - although in possession of land - do not possess the appropriate farming skills to improve their welfare. Many of these farmers are geographically, educationally, and socially ?semi-isolated?, therefore projects such as these are warmly embraced. Extra money earned from cattle and other cash crops could be used to send their children to school.

Lesson-learned are: this project is rather unorthodox in terms of using waqaf land for farming purposes. However, it would also serve to provide a model on how this type of land could be used as a communal property regardless of religions. Second, in communities such as in Manggarai, externally sponsored community development with a full participatory approach is not often found. Within the communities that implemented this project, it is a first time experience for them; therefore different perceptions and capabilities are to be expected. Activities such as this may only need further assistance for another 2-3 years (or a one time 3-6 years of assistance) before they could be independent and sustainable. Further, local government offices welcome activities such as this as they too can participate actively without fearing that their own limited budget would also affect the local communities. Relevant departments who are normally active in this type of participation are the local offices of the Department of Agriculture, the Minister of Population and Family Planning, the Department of Social Affairs, the Department of Health, etc. Field staff of these officials would normally add visits to these areas to provide training and education, give vaccination to the cattle, give lectures on health and education to the mothers and their children.