Reversing land degradation through holistic land management for livelihood enhancement.
Reversing land degradation through holistic land management for livelihood enhancement.
1.1 Project Summary
MACOBAO received USD50, 000.00 from GEFSGP in 2009 for the implementation of the project on Prevention of land degradation through environmental management and enhancement of community livelihoods through climate resilience and mitigation strategies. The project was implemented in wards 13 and 17 targeting 32 villages with an estimated population of 5278. The activities were implemented and the notable achievements include;
1) 8 awareness meetings at district and 24 at community level with at least 1760 project beneficiaries trained.
2) Reclamation of 24 gullies and protection of degraded land through fencing
3) Practice rotational grazing
4) 2 commemorations of the World Environmental day
5) 2 exhibitions were conducted with communities show casing their mats, tree seedlings and produce from conservation agriculture
6) 52 400 indigenous trees, 20 400 banana trees have been planted in reclaimed areas.
7) 15 check dams were constructed in the gullies.
8) 86 fire guards have been made by communities around their gardens, homesteads, nurseries and the reclaimed areas.
9) 510 hectares have been put under conservation agriculture.

The project resulted in technology transfer and adoption of conservation farming and gully reclamation technology which has significantly increased the productivity of project participants in the 32 villages of wards 13 and 17. There is an overall improvement in household food security and income status, while bolstering their resilience to climatic changes and preserving natural resources. Conservation agriculture increased crop productivity and households produced their required yields on smaller areas, using fewer resources, such as land, labour and inputs. Planned grazing, planting of trees and grass improved the vegetative cover and reduced soil erosion, gully formation and siltation of rivers.

Despite the above listed notable achievements, there are gaps to be addressed in the second phase and these include;
1. Lack of sustainable water supply to the nurseries and gardens practicing conservation agriculture
2. Garden plots under organic farming needs protection from animals through fencing
3. Wetlands which are at risk of drying up due to continued trampling by livestock needs protection through fencing
4. Communities needs to be accessed to market linkages for organic farming and dry land products
5. More gullies needs to be reclaimed
6. Communities in ward 13 needs more information and education on wetlands management and conservation
7. More nurseries needs to be established at community and village levels
8. More woodlots needs to be established at community and village levels
9. Wetlands day, Environmental day and Tree planting day needs to be commemorated

The project seeks to address the problems of poor farming methods such as stream bank cultivation, ploughing down the slopes and overgrazing which have contributed to massive land degradation. These human induced factors have resulted in gully formation and siltation of water bodies. Among other issues, agricultural productivity is deteriorating gradually resulting in food insecurity. Use of artificial pesticides and fertilizers is a common phenomenon within these communities. Wetlands are drying up because of excessive and continued trampling by livestock.

MACOBAO is applying a USD50, 000.00 to address most of the causes and effects of land degradation and loss of biodiversity through gully reclamation, establishment of nurseries and wood lots, protection of wetlands through fencing. The organization will also increase communities? awareness on environmental conservation and management issues through community meetings, distribution of information, education and communication materials, commemoration of the World Environmental days (25 June) , Wet lands day (2 February) and The Tree planting Day. In order to address the food insecurity crisis among the community, the project will include fencing of four community gardens measuring 200 square meters each as well as drilling of two boreholes in these gardens practicing organic farming. All these activities will implemented in nine villages of ward 13 namely Chikanhi/Matake, Dzoro, Matava ,Machingambi, Mberi, Jadson, Takawira, Mudavanhu A, and Mudavanhu B respectively. The project will benefit 450 households with an average of 2500 people.

1.2 Organizational Background and Capacity to implement the project
MACOBAO is a registered Private Voluntary Organization (PVO 15/2007). The organization provides training and support on Sustainable Land Management (SLM) and good farming practices that include conservation farming and growing of drought tolerant small grain crops. Gender mainstreaming together with women?s participation and empowerment is one of our pillars of work. The organization has experience in this area and supported women in small scale horticultural production, starting Internal Savings and Lending together with primary prevention of HIV and AIDS. MACOBAO trained more than 400 women as HIV prevention advocates and peer educators. The organization is also working with groups of women in Self Help Group Approach where women are trained to save from their own resources and issue out loans while generating profits at agreed rates. MACOBAO?s strategy of implementation includes the involvement and active participation of stakeholders, communities and beneficiaries in project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. The organization was formed in 2006 and got registered as a PVO in 2007. MACOBAO?s board of Directors consists of 7 members elected at an annual general meeting. The Director heads the organization with support from programs co-coordinator. MACOBAO have 4 paid staff members and works with 5 community facilitators who are based at ward level.

This project will benefit 450 households with an average of 2500 people; 750 orphans and vulnerable children, 667youth 420men, 663 women from 9 (villages) namely Jadson, Mudavanhu A, Mudavanhu B, Machingambi, Takawira,Mberi, Matava, Chikanhi andDzoro in ward 13 of Masvingo Rural District under Chief Mugabe. These targeted beneficiaries have knowledge and capacity to successfully implement the project since most of them have shown enthusiasm to implement environmental conservation and management projects in the last phase. MACOBAO previously implemented projects for the prevention of land degradation through environmental conservation and sustainable use. These projects included awareness meetings at district and community levels, community trainings, gully reclamation, promotion of rotational grazing, exhibitions of products made from natural resources (crafts and mats), agricultural products (crops and small livestock), establishment of indigenous and exotic tree nurseries and establishment of woodlots.

Below is the list of villages and project beneficiaries
Village name Project beneficiaries
Men Women Children Total
Jadson 49 78 164 291
Mudavanhu A 48 62 159 269
Mudavanhu B 43 51 167 261
Machingambi 46 88 158 292
Mberi 44 76 149 269
Matava 53 64 134 251
Dzoro 48 75 158 281
Chikanhi 45 76 163 284
Takawira 44 93 165 302


1.3Project Objectives and Expected Results
PROBLEM STATEMENT OR CHALLENGE THE PROJECT INTENDS TO ADDRESS
Major problems that have been observed within the catchment include deforestation, poor farming practices, soil erosion leading to gully formation, siltation of water bodies and in adequate water for irrigation. Continuous use of fertilizers and synthetic chemicals resulted in eutrophication. Poor wetlands management systems have resulted in thedrying up of water bodies. The major cause of all these problems is that communities are not sensitized of the importance of soil, water and other natural resources conservation. The other problem is that arable lands are getting poorer and poorer because of continuous cultivation and poor farming methods compounded by continuous washing away of top soil by agents of erosion. Crop yields are getting diminished and livelihoods and food security for the rural people are not spared.

There is siltation of streams and major rivers, which supply water for farming and domestic purposes. The area is on steep slope and people are settled in those steep lands, tilling the land for agriculture. Ward 13 area is steep and mountainous and people have continuously settled themselves in the area. Large quantities of soil are lost every year. The upstream and downstream relationship in environmental integrity of river basin is easily destroyed by human induced action which MACOBAO wishes to mitigate. Much has been done in the past project which includes gully reclamation, protection of reclaimed areas, promotion of rotational grazing, community awareness raising, training in sustainable agriculture, establishment of nurseries and woodlots. However much needs to be done in-terms of fencing the gardens under organic farming, ensuring availability of sustainable water supply to the gardens, wetlands protection, training of targeted households members in organic farming techniques as well as reclaiming more gullies. MACOBAO will link communities to markets; therefore their household income will be boosted. Again considering the persistent droughts experienced by these communities, households will have adequate food and will be able to have more than three meals per day.

By protecting the wetlands, there will be good water recharge system feeding into the nearby streams and rivers resulting in adequate water for household use and agriculture. Moreover, species like reeds and grass used for basket making will grow in wetlands making it much easier for communities to harvest these and make their crafts for sale to Great Zimbabwe museums and hotel whilst generating income for their households. Boreholes will facilitate communities? access to safe water for drinking and adequate water for irrigating their crops.

OVERALL PROJECT GOAL/PRIMARY OBJECTIVE
To reverse land degradation and biodiversity loss through protection of degraded land and wetlands and sustainable land management for livelihood enhancement

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Objective 1: To assess the causes of land degradation and loss of biodiversity and the impact on the environment and communities? livelihoods

Objective 2:To reverse land degradation through gully reclamation, tree planting and organic farming practice for sustainable land management.

Objective 3:To increase food security options for 1960 beneficiaries from ward 13 through promotion of community organic gardening and creation of market

RATIONALE/JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
Though much has been done in the past project, gaps that need to be filled were identified during a social mapping and project review exercise. Therefore, project seeks to address/mitigate the dire effects of problems that have been identified in the catchment area through an integrated soil and water management and promotion of organic farming.8 gullies measuring between 500m to 800m length, 3m width and 4 to 8 m deep will be reclaimed, 2 wetlands measuring 800 to1000 square meterseach will be fenced. 4 garden plots measuring 180 square meters each will be fenced and 2 boreholes shall be drilled in 2gardens under strictly organic farming. 2Wetlands measuring 800 to 1000 square meters will be protected through fencing This project builds on what MACOBAO has already been working on in other interventions supported by GEFSGP in 2009 through activities such as gully reclamation, protection of highly affected areas, tree planting, and establishment of exotic and indigenous tree nurseries, livestock management through rotational grazing, training of communities in conservation agriculture to address environmental issues. This project seeks to embrace an all-inclusive approach where entire communities are engaged in the interventions.

The projects relates to other relevant local and district programs where other organizations such as Care International in Zimbabwe, AZTREC TRUST and Community Based AID Program formally known as Community Based AIDS Program have implemented programs such as water shed management, Conservation Agriculture as well as wetlands protection. The project is also in line with other GEF and UNDP projects which promote the reversal of land degradation, promotion of biodiversity and wetlands management practices.

TABLE 1: OBJECTIVES, ACTIVITIES, OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES

OBJECTIVE 1:To assess the causes of land degradation and loss of biodiversity and the impact on the environment and communities livelihoods.


Activities relating to objective 1 Outputs (0-6months of completed activity) Outcome (1 year after completed activity)

1.1 Carry out community and stakeholder sensitization meetings on project activities




1.1:Communities and other stakeholders are aware of the project components and activities.

Indicator: 6 meetings at district level and 18 at community level.
-Increase knowledge on project components and activities

1.2 Conducting the baseline survey in ward13

1.2: Baseline survey conducted

Indicator: A baseline Survey report produced Increase knowledge on land degradation and biodiversity loss


OBJECTIVE 2: To reverse land degradation through gully reclamation, tree planting and organic farming practice for sustainable land management

Activities relating to objective 2
Outputs
Outcomes
2.1Awareness raising on the importance and benefits derived from wetlands

2.1 3 At least 2500 people reached with information and education on the importance of wetlands

Indicator: Number of people reached with information and education on the importance of wetlands
3:Increased number of people with knowledge about the importance of wetlands and voluntarily conserving and protecting them
2.2Protection of wetlands through fencing

2.2- Two Wetlands measuring 800 to 1000 square meters protected through fencing

Indicator: Number of wetlands protected
2 Wetlands with improved water recharge system, vegetative cover and increased wetlands habitat

2.3 Commemorate World Wetlands Day , National Tree planting day and World Environmental Day


2.3: World Wetlands, National Tree planting and World Environmental Day

Indicator: Wetlands day, National Tree planting and Environmental day commemorated
-Increased appreciation of environment conservation



2.4:Gully reclamation by communities
2.4: Eight Gullies reclaimed and at healing stage

Indicator: Number of gullies reclaimed.
Reduced degraded areas and increased available arable land.
2.5 Establishment of nurseries 2.5: Nine Nurseries established

Indicator: Number of nurseries established Increased number of indigenous and exotic trees
2.6 Establishment of woodlots 2.6: Nine Woodlots established

Indicator: Number of woodlots established Improved vegetative cover and reduced soil erosion
2.7 Livestock management through promotion of rotational grazing. 2.7: Nine villages practicing rotational grazing Improved grass cover and reduced soil erosion

OBJECTIVE 3: To increase food security options for 1960 beneficiaries from ward 13 through promotion of community organic gardening and creation of market

Activities relating to objective 3
Outputs
Outcomes

3.1: To train communities on organic farming techniques

3.1: Communities trained on organic farming

Indicator: 8 training sessions conducted and 4 refresher courses.

Increased knowledge and adoption of the organic farming technology
3.2: : Establishment of 4 community gardens
3.2: 4 gardens fenced and practice of organic farming

Indicator:
i)Gardens fenced
ii). 50 households practicing organic farming in each garden

-Improved food security for the food insecure households

-Improved natural soil fertility


3.3. Drilling of boreholes for gardens under organic farming technique

3.3. 2 Boreholes drilled in two community gardens

Indicator: 2 boreholes drilled
-Increased access to sustainable and reliable water supply for irrigation and domestic use.


3.4. Creation of market linkages for organic and dry land products
3.4. 2 Market linkages for organic and dry land products created

Indicator: Number of market centres for organic products established and strengthened Improved income and food security of vulnerable communities

3.5: Supporting of organic farming activities at household level
3.5 : 450 households trained in organic farming practices

Indicator:450 households practicing organic farming -Improved household food security
-Reduced dependency on fertilizers and artificial pesticides



 

Project Snapshot

Grantee:
Masvingo Community Based HIV/AIDS and Vulnerable Children Organization
Country:
Zimbabwe
Area Of Work:
Land Degradation
Grant Amount:
US$ 38,275.97
Co-Financing Cash:
Co-Financing in-Kind:
US$ 56,000.00
Project Number:
ZIM/SGP/OP5/Y4/STAR/LD/15/20
Status:
Satisfactorily Completed
Project Characteristics and Results
Notable Community Participation
Active community participation and involvement will be ensured by full community involvement in project planning and implementation, this will commence at the project outset. MACOBAO will involve communities, stakeholders and beneficiaries at all levels of the project including monitoring and evaluation of the activities. All age groups will be involved and a sense of ownership will be inculcated. Commitment will be built from the benefits realized from wetlands protection and organic farming. Communities will be given the chance to contribute their views towards attainment of the stated objectives and strategies. Beneficiaries of the organic gardens project will be selected by use of participatory approaches. Women and children will participate in project planning, monitoring and evaluating project activities.
Policy Influence
Beneficiaries will be capacitated to actively participate and contribute to the local and national environmental issues and make informed decisions whenever they are consulted. Having protected their wetlands this project makes the case for expanded state and local protection of vulnerable streams and wetlands. Citizens will realize that vulnerable streams and wetlands include the very smallest streams and wetlands that do not have a permanent surface water connection to larger water bodies are vital parts of the ecosystem and this will contribute to the Wetlands Protection Act.
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Ms. Tsitsi Wutawunashe
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Luckson Chapungu
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