? Baseline:
Relevant environment: The terrain of Xiaoheishan Island is relatively flat, with a surface forest coverage rate of 67%, which is a typical temperate oceanic climate. The intertidal zone of the island is narrow, and the eastern intertidal zone is gentle and open mostly gravel; the western and northern shores are steep and deep and mostly reefs; the southern part is mostly sedimentary. Affected by wind and sea water movement, low temperature and high salinity in winter and high temperature and low salinity in summer, the salinity of the entire sea area is between 21.9-31.5?. The annual average water temperature is 12.3 ?, the highest in August, reaching 23.8 ?, and the lowest in January, reaching 1.4 ?. Historically, the island was rich in seaweeds in the intertidal zone, and common species included sage, wakame, stone lily, sea millet, copper algae, etc.; in the sedimentary areas of the south and southwest, the vegetation was dominated by seagrass, and common species included Eelgrass (Zostera marina) and Red Fiber Shrimp Grass (Phyllospadixiwatensis). In recent years, seagrass has been severely degraded due to the shading effect of increased sediments from aquaculture, especially that of wastewater discharged from land-based sea cucumber nursery rooms. Once luxuriant eelgrass is distributed in patches, and red fibrous prawn grass becomes scattered.

Socioeconomic status: Xiaoheishan Island's income depends on fishery and tourism, of which fishery accounts for more than 90%. Traditional fishery income-generating methods mainly include traditional aquaculture such as land-based seedling breeding, sea cucumber captive breeding, and raft shell raising. The per capita income in 2021 will be about 13,000 yuan. In recent years, in order to strictly protect the marine ecological environment and scientifically plan and standardize the use of marine resources, fishermen are required to gradually vacate land-based and offshore aquaculture facilities. The resulting decline in per capita income can reach 3,000-5,000 yuan.

? Main problems and needs
1. Grassland decline and environmental degradation
Long Island is a representative distribution area of temperate seagrass in China. In recent years, affected by climate change and traditional aquaculture, coupled with the relative isolation and vulnerability of the island, the seagrass bed has declined significantly, and biodiversity has decreased. There are only two species of grass, eelgrass and red fiber grass of shrimp form, and the latter has been listed as a vulnerable species.
2 Insufficient cultivation of new industries
The economy of Long Island is dominated by the fishery. The traditional aquaculture model has low efficiency, high energy consumption, and heavy pollution. The new aquaculture model based on the carrying capacity of the ecological environment, first using the seagrass bed as marine pasture and then grazing, is still immature on Long Island, and a sustainable fishing community needs to be established urgently.
3 Reduced income and difficult life
Long Island's ecological civilization construction requires renovating beaches and vacating near-shore aquaculture, which makes traditional industries such as shellfish aquaculture by raft unsustainable, and so inevitably sacrifices the income of residents. The decrease in economic benefits has caused more community residents to go out, the shortage of young labor force, the difficulty for island residents to live and work in peace and contentment, and the increasing domestic burden on women.

? Proposed activities
Activity 1.
Project Activities: Seagrass Bed Science Popularization and Restoration Technology Lectures
Activity2.
Project activities: Seagrass bed restoration technology training, including seagrass bed provenance bank construction and demonstration, ecological interface technology demonstration, and seagrass seeding technology demonstration.
Activity3.
Project Activities: Introduction and Technical Training of Ecological Marine Pasture
Activity4.
Project activities: Construction of environment-friendly marine pastures, including technical training and demonstration of seedling placement, and conservation and harvest demonstration of rare marine species.
Activity 5.
Project Activities: Community Publicity Activities and Community Cultural Activities

? Anticipated results:
Improve community awareness of seagrass beds
Community residents master advanced seagrass seed collection, germination, sowing and conservation techniques, and the seagrass bed area increases significantly.
Raise community residents' awareness of marine ecological pastures
Community residents master the grazing techniques for sea cucumbers, abalone, sea urchins and other rare marine species, including seedling placement, intermediate breeding, and finished product harvesting; the ecological pastures based on seagrass beds achieve initial results, the employment of community residents increases and their income increases significantly.
Improve community residents' awareness of seagrass value and ecological protection, and enhance residents' awareness of sustainable fisheries in ecological pastures. Leisure and entertainment in the community are significantly enriched, cultural tastes improve, and residents can live and work in peace and contentment.