Baseline:
In December 2019, the team of the Agricultural Ecology Research Institute of the School of Agronomy and Biotechnology of Southwest University, in conjunction with the Beibei Jianshan Culture Class, applied for the Southwest University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Training Base in Longche Village, Beibei District, Chongqing. At present, 20 mu of land has been determined to build a "beautiful and ecological farm" to carry out a combined cycle of planting and breeding of grain, oil, vegetables, melons, fruits, and poultry, and a new type of professional farmers, agricultural experts, local villagers, public welfare organizations and volunteers have been established. The team, including Permaculture, implemented technical systems such as edible landscaping, mobile grazing chicken kitchen waste composting system, mulching and no-tillage, compost farming, and environmentally friendly enzyme farming. , adhere to the "resource-saving" and "environment-friendly" agricultural model. In addition, the team launched a series of educational courses on ecological planting and ecological agricultural product display in the CSA model in the Jianshan Cultural Classroom. Targeting different audience groups, the team promoted the ecological and safety concepts of CSA and called on more people to join the farming. More people living in urban areas can learn about the source, growth process, and cultivation process of food and enhance people's understanding and trust in food safety.
The two farms and the villages and towns where they have located pay special attention to the development of ecological agriculture. Therefore, we have carried out the construction of wildflower belts and solitary bee hives to attract pollinators, which has a good practical demand and has positive promotion significance for improving the quality of local ecological agricultural products and increasing the income of local residents.

Main problems:
Due to the transformation of many semi-natural habitats, such as grassland and woodland in the hilly area of Chongqing, into farmland, some of the cultivated land in steep mountainous areas is abandoned due to the overgrown weeds and bushes, which is not conducive to providing habitat and foraging ground for pollinators. At the same time, intensive agricultural production methods. For example, the extensive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, pesticides, and unified management has led to the decline of farmland biodiversity and the degradation of ecosystem services. Intensive agriculture also leads to a homogeneous landscape, that is to say, only one crop or even one species is planted on a large area of farmland, resulting in a decline in crop diversity and a reduction in semi-natural or natural habitats, further exacerbating the decline in farmland biodiversity. In particular, the number of pollinators represented by solitary bees has declined significantly. The decline of pollinators has led to a decline in the yield and quality of some crops that require pollination, such as rapeseed and melon fruits, affecting farmers' production and income and increasing additional labor inputs such as artificial pollination. Therefore, how to improve the diversity of local pollinators, pollination efficiency, and farmers' income and raise their awareness of biodiversity protection are the main directions of this project.
Therefore, we need to improve the local ecological environment and pollination communities by planting wildflower belts and increasing wild bee hives, correcting farmers' dependence on pesticide use, and promoting some environmentally friendly measures to improve environmental protection while ensuring farmers' production. The quality reduces the harm to nature and improves the biodiversity of the area, increases the economic income of farmers, and helps the revitalization of the countryside.


Proposed activities:
Activity 1.
Project activity: Conduct local wildflower seed survey and collection
Activity 2.
Project activity: Develop a mix-and-match design of a variety of wildflower strips that attract pollinators
Use native wildflower seeds obtained from the market and native herbaceous plant seeds, perennial roots, small flowering shrubs, and other resources to design wildflower belts that attract pollinators,
Activity 3.
Project activities: Planning buffer zone planting areas around the farm and carrying out wildflower belt planting
Activity 4.
Project activity: Use local materials to design, manufacture and arrange solitary bee hives
Research and develop and use local bamboo, straw, reed, wood, and other local materials to make solitary bee hives, combine local culture for artistic reprocessing and creation, design and manufacture no less than five types of solitary bee hives, and develop solitary bee hives on the farm The layout of the layout, specify the spacing distance and the density per unit area of the hive
Activity 5.
Project activity: Conducting monitoring of pollinators and associated arthropods
Using methods such as traps, sweep nets, and observations to monitor the effect of wildflower belt planting and solitary bee hives on improving the diversity of local pollinator communities and evaluate the effects of wildflower belt construction and beehives on crop production and quality improvement.
Activity 6.
Project activities: Contact the local government to carry out demonstration training and promotion of wildflower belt knowledge no less than two times
Brochures with information on pollinators, wildflower strips, solitary bee hives, and more will be distributed throughout the event.
Activity 7.
Project activities: Rewards will be given after the wildflower belt is well planted and accepted after effective inspection
For those who have participated in the training, planted wildflower belts in their own farmland with a total area of no less than 10 square meters, accepted the guidance of project experts and have good planting effects, and passed the project team's acceptance, the top ten will be selected and awarded directly with material rewards and certificates.
Activity 8.
Project activities: Carry out a wider range of wildflower belt planting and construction work in the village where the farm is located and surrounding townships
Activity 9. Promote local villagers to participate in the work of collecting wildflower belts or seeds of local wild plants, encourage villagers to participate, especially female villagers, and match them according to the research results of the project, and sell them on the farm
Activity 10. Project activities: Exhibition of creative design activities of solitary bee hives, promoting the participation of villagers, especially female villagers, and selling the design results on the farm

Anticipated results
Conducive to pollination services, six items of management and protection technologies for the construction of wildflower belts in Chongqing?s mountainous and hilly areas, and two items of solitary bee nest construction technologies based on local resources in Chongqing?s hilly and mountainous areas; wildflower belts will improve the local ecological environment and environmental quality for a long time and can provide various The reproduction of organisms provides favorable environmental conditions, thereby greatly increasing the diversity of organisms, and reducing the harm of invasive plants to farmland plants, thereby ensuring farmers' income. And as more solitary bees enter the hive, there will be more pollinators, which can greatly increase the biodiversity and can also provide greater help to increase the production of farmland.