This research project aims to document the impact of deforestation as a result of unsustainable management practices and burning of grassland by small holder farmers. The project site being in the Ogotana area, Sogeri, Central Province is convenient as the whole area is of Savannah & grassland vegetation. In closely collaborating with the local people, the research anticipates to demonstarte through activities the long term effect of deforestation and the quality and quantity of water. The whole popoulation in Port Moresby city also depends on the water sourced for the Sogeri Plateau. Historically, this project continues from the initial GEF funding for the project "People, Land Management and Environmental Change", implemented by the UNU Headquarters in Tokyo, Japan. A number of national and international institutions, including the National Research Institute Social and Environment Studies Division, University of Tokyo and Australian National University in Ogotana Village, Sogeri Plateau, Tari Basin, Southern Highlands etc. initially carried out research with the local people. The project aims to document the effects of how the change in the socio economic condition affect the people in managing their agricultural, biological interventions on the natural environment to sustain their livelihood.