The overall objective of the proposed project is to conserve energy and reduce poverty by means of identification, preparation, adoption and practice of energy efficient building designs and techniques in Multan.
CONTEXT/BASELINE
Residential Development in Multan.
Multan is the center of a vast hinterland mainly consisting of medium towns, large villages and small hamlets, where agriculture is the main economic activity. The city provides specialized services to its hinterland including services like health, education, commercial etc. in addition to the administrative functions. By virtue of its location and role it acts like a magnet for the population from surrounding areas. The rural to urban migration has been taking place unabated during the past decades. The process of urbanization makes the city dynamic in terms of its spatial growth and diversity in functions and services.

The city has been expanding mostly in haphazard manner due to the following two reasons:

1. Absence of an effective Master Plan to provide adequate strategies and guidelines for urban development and spatial growth.
2. Lack of enough resources with the public civic agencies to provide various services at the rate equivalent to the rate at which urbanization took place.

The result is a mushroom growth of residential areas with substandard living conditions, called slums and Katchi Abadies. They are most commonly scattered all around the city in a rather natural and organic fashion. However, the areas developed by public agencies and private builders are found at specific and selected locations. Map-1 shows the city of Multan with major corridors of development where development has either taken place during the recent past or trend of present development prevails. Table-1 gives the names of such areas where residential development is taking place at dynamic rate.

JUSTIFICATION FOR SUPPORT - LINKAGES WITH GEF THEMES AND
OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES

Multan City is the largest urban center in Southern Punjab with a vast rural hinterland. The climatic conditions of the area are harsh with hot and dry conditions. The temperature sometimes sores to more than 48 degrees during summers, which see little rain even during the monsoons. The survival under the circumstances requires making extra efforts for cooling the buildings both for housing purpose as well as workplaces. This requires extra consumption of electricity during the long months of summer. Therefore a major portion of the household budget of all population groups is spent on payment of electricity bills, making it extremely difficult for particularly the low-income families to afford. The total urban population of Multan is about 1.6 millions and it is estimated that as much as 30 percent of this population lives in the low-income communities.

It is proposed that by adopting different building designs and using different construction materials can considerably reduce excessive use of electricity for cooling purpose. The Operational Strategy and Operational Programme of Global Environment Facility focus on the removal of barriers to Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation. The proposed project aims to adopt innovative building designs and use different building materials, which would help to reduce energy consumption. The use of electricity directly contributes to the global warming. The poverty-environment nexus requires innovative interventions to reduce energy consumption especially in summers, through energy efficient building structures in Multan.

Building Control, Standards & Practices

There has been either little or no legislation pertaining to the land use control and building byelaws. Whatever byelaws exist, they are not adequate to meet the actual socio-economic, cultural and traditional conditions of the people, therefore are not generally acceptable. The application and implementation of these byelaws is not effectively exercised. The major objective of the authorities has always been to increase the revenue by the levy of fines and fees against unauthorized structures under their jurisdiction.

Climatic Conditions in Multan and Impact on Housing

The climate of Multan has been classified as warm composite in which all three seasons, hot dry, hot humid and cold prevail. As said earlier the temperature sores to above 48 degrees for some days in summer. In hot-dry months maximum insulation is needed to prevent heat gain in the building. In the hot-humid months, in addition to insulation from solar heat, humidity control is required to keep the level of relative humidity low and facilitate evaporative cooling.

The local traditional architecture provides important lessons in appropriate building design with reference to climate control. Traditional buildings had evolved an architecture that minimized heat gain by maximum insulation and provided controlled ventilation of the interior. The layout of the houses was introvert, i.e. spaces were grouped around a courtyard. The houses were normally buffered from two to three sides by adjacent houses. The use of ?Mung? provided effective ventilation.

The modern architecture in Multan has deviated from the traditional designs. The adoption of new building designs requires high-energy consumption for cooling during the summer, resulting in exorbitant electricity bills difficult to pay for most urban households. The lack of appropriate building control has further aggravated the situation.

The Role of Public and Private Sectors in development

Housing development mainly takes place in three distinct sectors in Pakistan, as follows:

i) Public Sector Housing
ii) Formal Private Sector Housing
iii) Informal Private Sector Housing

Many studies recently completed both by public agencies and private organizations reveal that despite all efforts, public sector has not been able to contribute more than 15 percent to the new housing. Another 15 percent housing has been built by the formal private sector. The informal private sector builds, as much as 70 percent of the total housing stock in the country. However, the informal private sector is significantly influenced by the public and formal private sector in terms of trends in house designing. There is a general tendency to copy the standards and practices adopted by the planned areas of public sector and formal private developments without taking into consideration the local socio-economic and climatic conditions. It is therefore proposed to adopt a strategy to focus on all the three sectors of development, preferably on the formal private sector, where there is a considerable flexibility in terms of house design standards and practices.

Stakeholders in Building Development

Table-2 shows the list of some of the real estate developers actively involved in residential development in Multan. It is proposed to adopt a strategy, which will focus on the involvement of the developers for the implementation of the Project. It is proposed to involve the following stakeholders in the implementation of the project:

viii) Individual house owners/developers
ix) Private land developers/real estate developers.
x) Masons
xi) Diploma Holder Associate Engineers
xii) Engineers, Architects and Town Planners
xiii) Draughts men
xiv) Public agency officers involved with residential development and estate management

PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

The overall objective of the proposed project is to conserve energy and reduce poverty by means of identification, preparation, adoption and practice of energy efficient building designs and techniques in Multan.

Specific and detailed objectives are as follows:

To create awareness among the people, especially the stakeholders about the energy efficiency building techniques.

To provide technical assistance to the people to adopt and practice the energy efficient building techniques by identification and preparation of appropriate energy efficiency building designs suiting to different public and private builders and users in Multan mainly base on the Manual developed by Conservation & Rehabilitation Center as a result of the GEF funded project of Appropriate Building Technology for Southern Punjab.

To prepare and provide orientations and trainings to all stakeholders for the adoption of appropriate building designs for energy efficiency.

To demonstrate the successful and potentially successful application and practice of the appropriate building designs by construction of a number of demonstration projects in public and private sectors.

To prepare benefit monitoring mechanism to clearly exhibit the savings in terms of electricity consumption.

These objectives have been translated into a number of specific targets and related activities and shown in the proposed project work plan, which is enclosed herewith this proposal.

PROJECT STRATEGY

The project proposes to adopt a comprehensive and well-integrated strategy for implementing the project, which essentially requires a user-friendly, socially acceptable and economically viable solution ensuring the marketability of the project products. It therefore focuses from broader to micro level and tends to present a workable and sustainable solution.

The proposed project strategy is based on the following major steps in order to arrive at a comprehensive and specific components of the strategy.

Consultative Meetings

A series of consultative meetings were held with prominent professionals, government officials and representatives of the stakeholders listed above, in order to gain realistic views and enable SAMT to draft specific strategy for the implementation of the proposed project. Following is the list of such persons:

i) Dr. Shakeel Qureshi, Architect with practical experience in designing of energy efficient buildings, Lahore..
ii) Mr. Khalid Chohan, Architect, award winner from the Pakistan Council of Architects & Town Planners, Multan.
iii) Ch. Muhammad Abbass, Architect, Directorate of Architecture, Government of the Punjab, Multan.
iv) Ch. Muhammad Tayyab, Director, Town Planning, Multan development Authority, Multan.
v) Ubaid Ullah Rathore, Tehsil Municipal Officer, Tehsil Municipal administration, Multan City.
vi) Riaz Akhtar, Town Planner, Manager, Community Development Resource Center, Multan.
vii) Mr. Nazar Abbass, Architect, Kazmi Associates, Real estete developers, Multan.
viii) Malik Abdul Rashid, Circle Head Draftsman, Tehsil Municipal Administration, Multan City.
ix) Mr. Nadeem Shakir, Assistant Director, Directorate of Architecture, Government of the Punjab, Multan.
x) Abdul Qadir, Architect, Co-organizer of CRC Workshop on Appropriate Building Technology for South Punjab. Participated in ENERCON Workshop on Energy Efficient Buildings.
xi) Ayub Sajid, Ex-Director, Caritas Pakistan, Multan

Demonstration Projects

Appropriate areas will be selected from the areas where new residential development is presently taking place for the sake of demonstration of successful and potentially successful house construction. The buildings selected for this purpose will include both residential as well as non-residential buildings including schools, offices etc.

TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

Proposed Areas of Development

Multan is a dynamic city undergoing spatial expansion as a result of large-scale residential development. While it is difficult to bring structural changes to the existing housing stock, it is relatively easier to successfully demonstrate the proposed appropriate building designs in new residential development.

Experience Sharing and Community Mobilization

Sh. Abdul Malik Trust has successfully demonstrated community mobilization and organization during the past many years, while working on other social welfare projects in Multan. Mrs. Shahnaz Majid is an elected woman councilor and member of the City Tehsil Assembly. The grass root level social networking enables SAMT to successfully demonstrate the project and share the benefits with potential developers and builders.

Availability of Technical Advise

i) SAMT has been working closely with other partner organizations like Community Development Resource Center (CDRC), Multan. CDRC has expressed its firm commitment to provide all technical advise to SAMT for the designing and implementation of the project. CDRC will also help to design and impart different training programmes and holding experience-sharing workshops.

ii) Technical Assistance from Conservation and Reconstruction Center, Lahore will also be obtained in this regard and the work completed earlier will be fully utilized to become a basis for the proposed project.

iii) It is proposed to establish a panel of professionals and experts to prepare different building designs for the project and to provide a wide range of technical advise to SAMT. As a result of the consultative meetings following experts have expressed interest to be on the panel.


a. Dr. Shakeel, Architect, Lahore
b. Khalid Chohan, Architect, Multan
c. Abdul Qadir, Architect, Multan
d. Riaz Akhtar, Town Planner, Multan

iv) Additional Resource Persons to prepare and impart different training packages will be hired both for the capacity building of SAMT as well as different stakeholders and community members.

Project Benefit Monitoring

As proposed earlier the project aims to record the visible reductions in the electricity consumption as a result of the demonstration projects, which ensures the technical feasibility of the project.

ANTICIPATED RESULTS

It is anticipated that the project will have the following results:

v) Preparation and availability of energy efficient building designs suiting to different public and private builders. This may also take the form of availability of design consultancy services on a permanent basis offered by a group of professionals.

Training of the following stakeholders per year for a period of 3 years

a. Masons : 100 x 3 = 300
b. Engineers : 10 x 3 30
c. Architects : 10 x 3 = 30
d. Town Planners : 5 x 3 = 15
e. Draughts Men : 5 x 3 = 15
f. Private Land Developers : 10 x 3 = 30
g. Public Agency Officials : 10 x 3 = 30
h. Individual building Owners : 20 x 3 = 60

vii) Construction of 6 demonstration buildings in a year and a total of 18 buildings in 3 years. It will include residential and non-residential buildings both from the public and private sector.
viii) A logbook showing the records of electricity consumption of the demonstration buildings to establish the economic feasibility of the project.