Results:

Very encouraging progress of the land management campaign is visible at the campaign sites, though the scales of progress differed greatly. It was found that in most of the sites the progress being made in the field is proportionate to the level of management input. For instance, at Woongchilo and Moshi, an establishment of grass species (fodder grass seed, gautamela and napier grasses in particular) along the hedgerow is brilliant that it can be harvested and feed the cattle. There are some other sites where, because of rather inadequate management practices, the grasses are grazed to the ground by the stray cattle in the community as observed at sites such as Mongkhorla, Gongthung and Danglingjaab, or the hedgerows are overgrown with weeds as was noticed at Chiya, Gongthung, and Danglingjaab.

The important attribute at this stage is that the farmers understand the long term benefits of the soil conservation activities. It was realised during the review that some farmers still question the benefits that would be derived from the activities implemented in their fields. For the campaign to accomplish its aims and objectives, the role of Geog Extension Agents (with support from Dzongkhag) in working with the farmer and/or community is very crucial.

Quality of materials could be another reason that reduced the growth of seeds, grass slips, seedlings and live cuttings. The lucenea seedlings, gautamala, napier and pasphalam slips and live cuttings were reached to the campaign sites long before the campaign actually executed. More than half of lucenea seedlings were basically spoiled.

Because of a very huge crowd during the campaign, even breaking of participants into smaller sub-working groups could not prevent some minor technical errors. Joining of two hedgerow ends at Moshi and irregular distance between fodder grass species and legume species along the hedgerows at Monangkhorla and Gongthung are some of the quotable examples.

Rejuvenation work has become necessary during the upcoming season in all sites. This is proposed because for reasons such as: quality of the materials, the timing of the plantation for some materials, some technical corrections necessary in few places, etc. The rejuvenation work shoud be carried out in accordance with the actions recommended as follows, based on the activities implemented and progress made in different places:

A. Woongchilo/Nanong Geog
i. Hedgerows - good;
ii. Bamboo rhizomes - excellent;
iii. Brush layering - excellent;
iv. Asparagus - excellent.

Constraints: Desmodium and desmenthus seeds have not germinated.

Actions Recommended:
a. Plant Gautemala and napier grass slips on the upper half of the hedge;
b. Plant Lucenea seedlings and sow desmodium and desmenthus seeds on the lower half of the hedge;
c. Need regular weeding and loosen the topsoil along the hedgerows;
d. Uproot the live cuttings from the lower half of the hedgerow counter and plant it on an edge of the plot/field (this will later provide fencing).

B. Moshi/Lumang:
i. Hedgerows - good;
ii. Bamboo rhizomes - excellent;
iii. Brush layering - excellent;
iv. Vetiver slip planting - excellent;
v. Live cuttings - faily good;
vi. Alnus seeding - none

Constraints: No proper germination of desmodium and desmenthus seeds, and alnus seeds have not germinated at all.

Actions Recommended:
a. Re-boradcast desmodium and desmenthus seeds along the lower half of the hedge;
b. Replace the dead bamboo rhizomes and dead cuttings with the live ones;
c. Need regular weeding and loosen the topsoil along the hedgerows.

C. Tshangpo/Thrimshing Geog:
i. Hedgerows - Moderately good;
ii. Bamboo rhizomes - excellent;
iii. Live cuttings - fairly good;
iv. Vetiver slip planting - excellent;
v. Alnus seedings - none;
vi. Asparagus - good.

Constraints: Desmodium and desmenthus seeds have not germinated properly; greater fractions of live cuttings have not germinated and hedgerows poorly managed.

Actions Recommended:
a. Re-boradcast of grass seed and plant gautamela and napier grass slips on the upper half of the hedge;
b. Sow desmodium and desmenthus seeds on the lower half of the hedge;
c. Replace dead live cuttings with live ones;
d. Need regular weeding and loosen the topsoil along the hedgerow;
e. Uproot live cuttings from lower half of counter and plant it on an edge of the plot/field.

D. Munang Khorla/Khaling Geog:
i. Hedgerows - Moderately good;
ii. Bamboo Rhizomes - good;
iii. Live cuttings - fairly good;
iv. Alnus seeding - none;
v. Terrace stabilization - good;
vi. Asparagus - good

Constraints: Rather poor growth of grass seeds, grass slips along the hedgerows; poor growth of love cuttings; no germination of desmodium, desmenthus and alnus seeds at all and hedgerows are poorly managed.

Actions Recommended:
a. Re-broadcast grass seed and plant gautamela and napier grass slips on the upper half of the hedge;
b. Plant lucenea seedlings and sow desmodium and desmenthus seeds on the lower half of the hedge;
c. Uproot the vetiver grass planted along the upper half of the hedge in Mrs. Kezang's fielf and replant with other suitable grass spp;
d. Replace the dead bamboo rhizomes and dead cuttings with live ones;
e. Need regular weeding and loosen the topsoil along the hedgerow;
f. Uprood live cuttings from the lower half of hedge and plant it on an edge of the plot/field.

E. Cheya, Uzorong Geog:
i. Hedgerows - good;
ii. Forest seedlings plantation - good;
iii. Vetiver grass slip planting - Moderately good;
iv. Alnus & albezia - none
v. Asparagus - good.

Constraints: Improper growth of desmodium and desmenthus seeds; alnus and albezia seeds sown on the sttep landslip face have not grown at all and hedgerows are poorly managed.

Actions recommended:
a. Re-broadcast grass seeds and plant gautamela and napier grass slips on the upper half of the hedge;
b. Plant Lucenea seedlings and sow desmodium and desmenthus seeds on the lower half of the hedge;
c. Need regular weeding and loosen the topsoil along the hedgerow;
d. Uproot live cuttings from the lower half of counter and plant it on an edge of the plot/field.

F. Gongthung, Yangneer Geog:
i. Hedgerows - Moderately good;
ii. Asparagus - Good;
iii. Live cuttings - none.

Constraints: Improper growth of legumes. Most of the live cuttings compromising of erythena and willow cuttings planted on the sttep slopes have died and hedgerows very poorly managed.

Actions Recommended:
a. Re-broadcast grass seeds, plant gautemala and napier slips on the upper half of the hedge;
b. Plant lucenea seedlings and sow desmodium & desmenthus seeds on the lower half of the hedge;
c. Replant the dead live cuttings using erythrina and willow cuttings on the same steep slope (i.e on the previous plantation site);
d. Need regular weeding and loosen the topsoil along the hedgerow.

G. Tokshingmang, Phongme Geog:
i. Hedgerow - faily good;
ii. Asparagus - fairly good.

Constraints: Poor growth of legumes along the lower half of the hedgerows and hedgerows are very poorly managed.

Actions Recommended:
a. Re-boradcast grass seeds and plant gautamela and napier grass slips along the upper half of the hedge;
b. Plant lucenea seedlings and sow desmodium and desmenthus seeds along the lower half of the hedge;
c. Need regular weeding and loosen the topsoil along the hedge;
d. Uproot live cuttings from the lower half of hedgerow and plant it on an edge of the plot/field.

H. Danglingjab, Bidung Geog:
i. Hedgerow - Moderately good;
ii. Asparagus - excellent;
iii. Terrace stablization - excellent.

Constraints: Improper growth of legume species planted/sowed along the lower half of the hedge and hedgerows are very poorly managed.

Actions Recommended:
a. Re-broadcast grass seeds and plant gautamala and napier grass slips along the upper half of the hedge;
b. Plant lucenea seedlings and sow desmodium and desmenthus seeds along the lower half of the hedgel
c. Need regular weeding and loosen the topsoil along the hedgerows.