Sustainable livelihoods based on indigenous plants and its potential as sources of medicine and essential oils may decline under the pressures of globalisation, modernisation, industrialisation, urbanisation, monoculture, hybridisation, genetic manipulation, tissue culture and widespread use of agrochemicals. This proposed project aims to revive and to keep alive such traditions by building the capaciity and involving the rural single mothers in Kelantan, in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity by producing essential oils fron indigenous plants , commercialising downstream products such as handicrafts and raising awareness on the conservation of such plants and related plants, and its relevance to the biodiversity of Malaysia.