The purpose of the project will be to i) compile an inventory of dung bettles from each of the major climatic and edaphic regions in Botswana; ii) provide the National Museum of Botswana with in identified reference collection of all species collected during the survey; iii) assess ecological species rechnicess and abundance of the dung bettle species assemblages in major conservation areas in order to provide a baseline of ecological data on their populations and interactions; iv) analyse biogeographical patterns and to determine regional of high dung bettle endemicity in Botswana and v) forge links with other stakeholders such as colleagues at the University of Botswana.